Translation and analysis of words by ChatGPT artificial intelligence
On this page you can get a detailed analysis of a word or phrase, produced by the best artificial intelligence technology to date:
- how the word is used
- frequency of use
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- usage examples (several phrases with translation)
- etymology
ruthenium red - translation to russian
общая лексика
рутений красный
![Sunsets and sunrises are often red because of an optical effect called [[Rayleigh scattering]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crimson sunset.jpg?width=200 "Sunsets and sunrises are often red because of an optical effect called [[Rayleigh scattering]].")
![Bulls, like dogs and many other animals, have [[dichromacy]], which means they cannot distinguish the color red. They charge the matador's cape because of its motion, not its color.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Madrid Bullfight.JPG?width=200 "Bulls, like dogs and many other animals, have [[dichromacy]], which means they cannot distinguish the color red. They charge the matador's cape because of its motion, not its color.")
![Fashion model [[Magdalena Frackowiak]] at [[Paris Fashion Week]] (Fall 2011)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Magdalena Frackowiak.jpg?width=200 "Fashion model [[Magdalena Frackowiak]] at [[Paris Fashion Week]] (Fall 2011)")
![Republican Party]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red state, blue state.svg?width=200 "Republican Party]]")
![Logo of the [[German Social Democratic Party]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SPD logo.svg?width=200 "Logo of the [[German Social Democratic Party]]")
![The red [[Phrygian cap]] worn by ''[[sans-culottes]]'' during the [[French Revolution]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sansculottes.jpg?width=200 "The red [[Phrygian cap]] worn by ''[[sans-culottes]]'' during the [[French Revolution]]")
![In a traditional [[color wheel]] from 1708, red, yellow and blue are primary colors. Red and yellow make orange; red and blue make violet.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Boutet 1708 color circles.jpg?width=200 "In a traditional [[color wheel]] from 1708, red, yellow and blue are primary colors. Red and yellow make orange; red and blue make violet.")
![Tiny Red, green and blue [[sub-pixel]]s (enlarged on left side of image) create the colors you see on your computer screen and TV.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RGB pixels.jpg?width=200 "Tiny Red, green and blue [[sub-pixel]]s (enlarged on left side of image) create the colors you see on your computer screen and TV."){kind=tracking}
![[[Mars]] appears to be red because of [[iron oxide]] on its surface.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mars atmosphere 2.jpg?width=200 "[[Mars]] appears to be red because of [[iron oxide]] on its surface.")
![[[Mira]], a [[red giant]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mira 1997.jpg?width=200 "[[Mira]], a [[red giant]]")
![Artist's impression of a [[red dwarf]], a small, relatively cool star that appears red due to its temperature](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RedDwarfNASA.jpg?width=200 "Artist's impression of a [[red dwarf]], a small, relatively cool star that appears red due to its temperature")
![Red [[ochre]] cliffs near [[Roussillon]] in France. Red ochre is composed of clay tinted with hematite. Ochre was the first pigment used by man in prehistoric cave paintings.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roussillon sentier des ocres2.JPG?width=200 "Red [[ochre]] cliffs near [[Roussillon]] in France. Red ochre is composed of clay tinted with hematite. Ochre was the first pigment used by man in prehistoric cave paintings.")
![Vermilion pigment, made from cinnabar. This was the pigment used in the murals of [[Pompeii]] and to color Chinese [[lacquerware]] beginning in the [[Song dynasty]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vermillon pigment.jpg?width=200 "Vermilion pigment, made from cinnabar. This was the pigment used in the murals of [[Pompeii]] and to color Chinese [[lacquerware]] beginning in the [[Song dynasty]].")
![minium]], has been used since the time of the ancient Greeks. Chemically it is known as [[lead tetroxide]]. The Romans prepared it by the roasting of lead white pigment. It was commonly used in the Middle Ages for the headings and decoration of illuminated manuscripts.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red lead.jpg?width=200 "minium]], has been used since the time of the ancient Greeks. Chemically it is known as [[lead tetroxide]]. The Romans prepared it by the roasting of lead white pigment. It was commonly used in the Middle Ages for the headings and decoration of illuminated manuscripts.")
![The roots of the ''[[Rubia tinctorum]]'', or madder plant, produced the most common red dye used from ancient times until the 19th century.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rubia tinctorum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-123.jpg?width=200 "The roots of the ''[[Rubia tinctorum]]'', or madder plant, produced the most common red dye used from ancient times until the 19th century.")
![[[Alizarin]] was the first synthetic red dye, created by German chemists in 1868. It duplicated the colorant in the madder plant, but was cheaper and longer lasting. After its introduction, the production of natural dyes from the madder plant virtually ceased.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alizarin-sample.jpg?width=200 "[[Alizarin]] was the first synthetic red dye, created by German chemists in 1868. It duplicated the colorant in the madder plant, but was cheaper and longer lasting. After its introduction, the production of natural dyes from the madder plant virtually ceased.")
![agar]]. Blood appears red due to the iron molecules in blood cells.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Agarplate redbloodcells edit.jpg?width=200 "agar]]. Blood appears red due to the iron molecules in blood cells.")
![A [[red setter]] or Irish setter](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Can Setter dog GFDL.jpg?width=200 "A [[red setter]] or Irish setter")
![A pair of European [[red fox]]es](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) -British Wildlife Centre-8.jpg?width=200 "A pair of European [[red fox]]es")
![The [[European robin]] or robin redbreast](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Erithacus-rubecula-melophilus Dublin-Ireland.jpg?width=200 "The [[European robin]] or robin redbreast")
![Bison in red ochre in the [[Cave of Altamira]], Spain, from upper Paleolithic era (36,000 BC)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/9 Bisonte Magdaleniense polícromo.jpg?width=200 "Bison in red ochre in the [[Cave of Altamira]], Spain, from upper Paleolithic era (36,000 BC)")
![Image of a human hand created with red [[ochre]] in [[Pech Merle]] cave, France ([[Gravettian]] era, 25,000 BC)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pech Merle main.jpg?width=200 "Image of a human hand created with red [[ochre]] in [[Pech Merle]] cave, France ([[Gravettian]] era, 25,000 BC)")
![''The Prince of Lilies'', from the [[Bronze Age]] Palace of Minos at [[Knossos]] on [[Crete]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KnossosFrescoRepro06827.jpg?width=200 "''The Prince of Lilies'', from the [[Bronze Age]] Palace of Minos at [[Knossos]] on [[Crete]]")
![Roman Catholic Popes wear red as the symbol of the blood of Christ. This is [[Pope Innocent III]], in about 1219.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Innozenz3.jpg?width=200 "Roman Catholic Popes wear red as the symbol of the blood of Christ. This is [[Pope Innocent III]], in about 1219.")
![Red was the traditional color of [[martyrs]]. A Russian icon of [[Saint George]] (14th c.).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/S.George (Novgorod, mid. 14 c, GTG).jpg?width=200 "Red was the traditional color of [[martyrs]]. A Russian icon of [[Saint George]] (14th c.).")
![THe colour of majesty - portrait of [[Charlemagne]], King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, Netherlands (14th c.)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Domschatz Halberstadt Karlsteppich.png?width=200 "THe colour of majesty - portrait of [[Charlemagne]], King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, Netherlands (14th c.)")
![The young Queen [[Elizabeth I]] (here in about 1563)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Elizabeth I Steven Van Der Meulen.jpg?width=200 "The young Queen [[Elizabeth I]] (here in about 1563)")
![''The Wedding Dance'' (1566), by [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pieter Bruegel the Elder - The Wedding Dance - 30.374 - Detroit Institute of Arts.jpg?width=200 "''The Wedding Dance'' (1566), by [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]]")
![''The Girl with the Wine Glass'', by [[Johannes Vermeer]] (1659–60)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jan Vermeer van Delft 006.jpg?width=200 "''The Girl with the Wine Glass'', by [[Johannes Vermeer]] (1659–60)")
![Anne of Great Britain]]) (1685)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Willem Wissing and Jan van der Vaardt - Queen Anne, when Princess of Denmark, 1665 – 1714 - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "Anne of Great Britain]]) (1685)")
![Textiles dyed red from the [[Paracas culture]] of [[Peru]] (about 200 BC), in the [[British Museum]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paracas textile, British Museum.jpg?width=200 "Textiles dyed red from the [[Paracas culture]] of [[Peru]] (about 200 BC), in the [[British Museum]]")
![Feather headdress from the [[Aztec]] people of Mexico and Central America, dyed with [[cochineal]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aztecheaddress.jpg?width=200 "Feather headdress from the [[Aztec]] people of Mexico and Central America, dyed with [[cochineal]]")
![A native of [[Central America]] collecting cochineal insects from a [[cactus]] to make red dye (1777)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Indian collecting cochineal.jpg?width=200 "A native of [[Central America]] collecting cochineal insects from a [[cactus]] to make red dye (1777)")
![King [[Joseph I of Portugal]] (1773)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait of Joseph Emanuel, King of Portugal (1773) - Miguel António do Amaral.png?width=200 "King [[Joseph I of Portugal]] (1773)")
![The [[Brazilian imperial family]] (1857)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/François-René Moreaux - O imperador D. Pedro II, sua esposa Teresa Cristina e suas filhas, princesas Isabel e Leopoldina, 1857.JPG?width=200 "The [[Brazilian imperial family]] (1857)")
![King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] (1901)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edward VII in coronation robes.jpg?width=200 "King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] (1901)")
![Red flag of the Bolsheviks, by [[Boris Kustodiev]] (1920)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kustodiev The Bolshevik.jpg?width=200 "Red flag of the Bolsheviks, by [[Boris Kustodiev]] (1920)")
![Chinese [[honour guard]], Beijing, 2007](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chinese honor guard in column 070322-F-0193C-014.JPEG?width=200 "Chinese [[honour guard]], Beijing, 2007")
![The Thin Red Line]] at the [[Battle of Balaclava]] (1854), when a line of the Scottish Highland infantry repulsed a Russian cavalry charge. The name was given by the British press as a symbol of courage against the odds.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert Gibb - The Thin Red Line.jpg?width=200 "The Thin Red Line]] at the [[Battle of Balaclava]] (1854), when a line of the Scottish Highland infantry repulsed a Russian cavalry charge. The name was given by the British press as a symbol of courage against the odds.")
![Commonwealth]] countries to honor soldiers who died in the First World War.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Poppies in the Sunset on Lake Geneva.jpg?width=200 "Commonwealth]] countries to honor soldiers who died in the First World War.")
![The standard international stop sign, following the [[Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals]] of 1968](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vienna Convention road sign B2a.svg?width=200 "The standard international stop sign, following the [[Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals]] of 1968")
.jpg?width=200 "A footballer is shown a red card and ejected from a soccer match.")
![Red is the color of a severe terrorist threat level in the United States, under the [[Homeland Security Advisory System]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hsas-chart with header.svg?width=200 "Red is the color of a severe terrorist threat level in the United States, under the [[Homeland Security Advisory System]].")
![The [[Whore of Babylon]], depicted in a 14th-century French illuminated manuscript. The woman appears attractive, but is wearing red under her blue garment.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Whore of Babylon (XIV).jpg?width=200 "The [[Whore of Babylon]], depicted in a 14th-century French illuminated manuscript. The woman appears attractive, but is wearing red under her blue garment.")
![''Reine de joie'', (''Queen of Joy''), a book cover illustration by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] (1892) about a Paris prostitute](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 057.jpg?width=200 "''Reine de joie'', (''Queen of Joy''), a book cover illustration by [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] (1892) about a Paris prostitute")
![Sheet music for "At the Devil's Ball", by [[Irving Berlin]], United States, 1915](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/At the Devil's Ball 1.jpg?width=200 "Sheet music for \"At the Devil's Ball\", by [[Irving Berlin]], United States, 1915")
![Red [[lipstick]] has been worn by women as a cosmetic since ancient times. It was worn by [[Cleopatra]], Queen [[Elizabeth I]], and film stars such as [[Elizabeth Taylor]] and [[Marilyn Monroe]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Red lipstick (photo by weglet).jpg?width=200 "Red [[lipstick]] has been worn by women as a cosmetic since ancient times. It was worn by [[Cleopatra]], Queen [[Elizabeth I]], and film stars such as [[Elizabeth Taylor]] and [[Marilyn Monroe]].")
![A [[Shinto]] [[torii]] at [[Itsukushima]], Japan](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Itsukushima torii angle.jpg?width=200 "A [[Shinto]] [[torii]] at [[Itsukushima]], Japan")
![Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church at the funeral of Pope [[John Paul II]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John Paul II funeral long shot.jpg?width=200 "Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church at the funeral of Pope [[John Paul II]]")
![[[Buddhist]] monks in [[Tibet]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Debating Monks.JPG?width=200 "[[Buddhist]] monks in [[Tibet]]")
![In [[Hinduism]], red is associated with [[Lakshmi]], the goddess of wealth and embodiment of beauty.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ravi Varma-Lakshmi.jpg?width=200 "In [[Hinduism]], red is associated with [[Lakshmi]], the goddess of wealth and embodiment of beauty.")
![Red flags in a celebration of [[Muharram]] in [[Iran]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Muharram in cities and villages of Iran-342 16 (160).jpg?width=200 "Red flags in a celebration of [[Muharram]] in [[Iran]]")
![The scarlet uniform of the [[National Guards Unit of Bulgaria]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Garde nationale bulgare.jpg?width=200 "The scarlet uniform of the [[National Guards Unit of Bulgaria]]")
![Musicians of the [[United States Marine Corps Band]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PlateVII Band.jpg?width=200 "Musicians of the [[United States Marine Corps Band]]")
![Officer of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RCMP officer on a horse.JPG?width=200 "Officer of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]")
![The [[Brazilian Marine Corps]] wears a dress uniform called ''A Garança''.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Forma-2g.jpg?width=200 "The [[Brazilian Marine Corps]] wears a dress uniform called ''A Garança''.")
![Soldiers of the [[Rajput Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Indian Army-Rajput regiment.jpeg?width=200 "Soldiers of the [[Rajput Regiment]] of the [[Indian Army]]")
![Both the [[Cleveland Indians]] and the [[Boston Red Sox]] wear red.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RS Redz.png?width=200 "Both the [[Cleveland Indians]] and the [[Boston Red Sox]] wear red.")
![red belt]] shows a high degree of proficiency, second only, in some schools, to the black belt.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tamashiro-kata-Tampere-2006.jpg?width=200 "red belt]] shows a high degree of proficiency, second only, in some schools, to the black belt.")
![An [[Alfa Romeo]] Sports Racing car in 1977, painted [[Rosso Corsa]] ("racing red"), the traditional racing color of Italy from the 1920s until the late 1960s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alfa Romeo 33 SC 12 Sovralimentata 1977 red vr TCE.jpg?width=200 "An [[Alfa Romeo]] Sports Racing car in 1977, painted [[Rosso Corsa]] (\"racing red\"), the traditional racing color of Italy from the 1920s until the late 1960s.")
![The flag of the [[Byzantine Empire]] from 1260 to its fall in 1453](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg?width=200 "The flag of the [[Byzantine Empire]] from 1260 to its fall in 1453")
![The [[St George's cross]] was the banner of the [[First Crusade]], then, beginning in the 13th century, the flag of England. It is the red color (along with that of the Cross of Saint Patrick) in the flag of the United Kingdom, and, by adoption, of the red in the flag of the United States.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of England.svg?width=200 "The [[St George's cross]] was the banner of the [[First Crusade]], then, beginning in the 13th century, the flag of England. It is the red color (along with that of the Cross of Saint Patrick) in the flag of the United Kingdom, and, by adoption, of the red in the flag of the United States.")
![The red stripes in the flag of the United States were adapted from the flag of the [[British East Indies Company]]. This is the [[Grand Union Flag]], the first U.S. flag established by the [[Continental Congress]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Grand Union Flag.svg?width=200 "The red stripes in the flag of the United States were adapted from the flag of the [[British East Indies Company]]. This is the [[Grand Union Flag]], the first U.S. flag established by the [[Continental Congress]].")
![Flag of Georgia]] also features the [[Saint George's Cross]]. It dates back to the banner of Medieval Georgia in the 5th century.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Georgia.svg?width=200 "Flag of Georgia]] also features the [[Saint George's Cross]]. It dates back to the banner of Medieval Georgia in the 5th century.")
![The maple leaf flag of Canada, adopted in 1965. The red color comes from the [[Saint George's Cross]] of England.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Canada.svg?width=200 "The maple leaf flag of Canada, adopted in 1965. The red color comes from the [[Saint George's Cross]] of England.")
Definition
Wikipedia
The inorganic dye ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride, also known as ruthenium red, is used in histology to stain aldehyde fixed mucopolysaccharides.
Ruthenium red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with many proteins. These include mammalian ion channels (CatSper1, TASK, RyR1, RyR2, RyR3, TRPM6, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPA1, mCa1, mCa2, CALHM1) TRPP3, a plant ion channel, Ca2+-ATPase, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter, tubulin, myosin light-chain phosphatase, and Ca2+ binding proteins such as calmodulin. Ruthenium red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4, ryanodine receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular calcium release by ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM). As a TRPA1 blocker, it assists in reducing the airway inflammation caused by pepper spray.
RR has been used on plant material since 1890 for staining pectins, mucilages, and gums. RR is a stereoselective stain for pectic acid, insofar as the staining site occurs between each monomer unit and the next adjacent neighbor.
